2011年12月29日星期四

message service

Daily maintenance
1 mobile phone battery don't wait for the battery to charge.
We will have a general idea is that the mobile phone battery power to put all finished better rechargeable basically is right, because we in the previously used rechargeable nickel-metal hydride batteries are mostly ( NiH ) batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, so if the memory effect of holding power and then finished filling can cause the battery life rapid reduction. So we will be used until the last drop of electric charge.HK htc flyer But now the mobile phone and most of the IA products are lithium ( Li ) battery, and lithium batteries, then there will be no memory effect problem. If you still wait until all run out of power after the filling, then it will make lithium batteries inside the chemical reaction can not reduce life expectancy. The best way is all right to charge it whenever and wherever possible to maintain the best full frame, so your batteries can be used for a long time for a long time. This is from the manufacturer that receives the message, and through the test itself to.
2 when the mobile phone is being charged, do not answer the phone!!
The reason is the mobile phone charging answering incoming calls, there would be a potential danger. India is a 31 years old in the insurance company business manager for the young people, ten days in the mobile phone and charger when answering the phone, after a few seconds of a large current through the mobile phone, the young man was thrown to the ground, his family found, finger burns, faint heartbeat, and had lost consciousness. The rushed to the hospital, doctors declared dead on arrival. The mobile phone is a very useful modern invention. However, we must also be alert to the instrument of death risk.
3.12593 telephone number = trap
Is it right? You to foreign friends call using the 17951 telephone number format stored in the phone book? Rather than separate dial? Then charges will be from 0.39 ( 0.4) yuan per minute into 1.3 ( 0.7) yuan per minute. I to 10086 about their interpretation is that if the stored in the phone book? System will not recognize. So can't get preferential tariff, must each time on the keyboard directly by 12xxx. The Shenzhouxing user so? M-Zone users, GSM.
If you are a China mobile users, when you know China Mobile want time, will not be surprised at what you call why wings fly away. In 12593 telephone numbers can be favorable, but if you will advance" 12593 number" existing mobile phone phone book, use the time out and then called out,HK HTC flyer p512 then China Mobile did not admit you use 12593 the preferential dialing mode, and according to the direct dialed way billing. If you are roaming, two billing can vary by as much as 7 times! When I learned so billing, I really do not know how to express my anger, then call 10086 consultation, if not active consultation on this problem, the No. 6608 ladies don't tell me this billing.
4 mobile phone fee of the parasite
Mobile phone be rather baffling fixation of useless messages, strongly suggest that you all look they have hit, the simplest method to unsubscribe monthly mobile phone fee stealing your parasite! China Mobile in 3.15 to launch a new business, if you are China mobile mobile phone user, type the number" 0000", send text messages to 10086, within a few seconds will automatically reply to a message list, display on your mobile phone is custom which SMS services, SMS service providers who are bright, dark a monthly deduction for your mobile phone fee; type the number" 00000" ( 0000), send text messages to 186201 ( 10086), you can unsubscribe all short message service.
5 don't hurry up just 1 minutes
When we call often to just in time for the 1: 00 before the end of that,HK toshiba tablet but in fact is not the case, according to a China mobile staff said, in fact you call to 0: 55 when you have a minute, so 0: 55 ~ 1: 00 minutes it is your 2 minutes of money ( it depends on your mobile phone billing accuracy ).

commerce confusion

The development of electronic commerce confusion
Sell OR brand
For now the electronic commerce enterprise, many enterprises are still in the stage of goods, brand consciousness at this stage is not significant, although some public familiar with the brand,Email Marketing but the brand loyalty of the consumer is based on the parity on the basis of. Both the VANCL and Mcglaughlin are in the low price for the market share.
In 2010 29 yuan to 2010 VANCL T-shirt VANCL become" civilian fashion", now Mcglaughlin has also launched a $29 T-shirt promotional activities, and in 29 yuan pricing similar T-shirt, this probably means that the clothing B2C also prepares to follow Beijing East and Dangdang, staged a price war. According to Mcglaughlin insiders, price low basic can attract more new customers to purchase, to promote these basic models, Mcglaughlin for each style, with several models, dozens of different collocation, dozens of pictures to show, and strive to make each basic, are indispensable with San goods.
But no matter how rendering calls, price war has become a new round of clothing 's brand competition means. The line of clothing brand to enter the business platform of enterprises, is undoubtedly a blow.
Line brand in the development process of 30 years of accumulation, more is in the accumulation of brand value, brand and the value of the direct embodiment is the brand value and brand premium. Let these online work nearly 30 years to accumulate their own brand value-added brands to line up on the line of price war, under the brand is similar to that of the behavior, the road to them is impossible.
Analysis has been confounded the traditional lines of clothing brand line,iPhone Application development it is the line of price and channel conflict, as well as the brand value of the hedging problem.
Today's e-commerce brand most continues explosion mode, while the line clothing company has started to enter the cumulative brand gold stage, how to make the electronic commerce this dynamic model for brand service? A line is the key problem of clothing brand.

2011年12月27日星期二

numerical calculation

The application of computer
The application of computer has penetrated into every field of society,Mobile Application is changing people's work, study and life, promote social development. Baconian rise can be divided into the following several aspects:
1 Scientific Computing ( numerical )
Scientific computing, also known as numerical calculation. The computer is the beginning for scientific research and engineering design experienced a high number of mathematical problems in the numerical calculation and the development of computational tools. With the further development of modern science and technology, the numerical calculation in the modern scientific research to improve the status, in the frontiers of science, appear particularly important. For example, the satellite trajectory calculation, seismic intensity calculation, rocket, the spacecraft 's research and design are inseparable from the computer calculation.
In industry, agriculture and human society in various fields, the computer application has achieved many breakthroughs, even every day we tune in to watch the weather forecast are inseparable from the computer science and computing.
The 2 data processing ( information processing )
In scientific research and project technology, will get a large number of original data, including a large number of pictures, text, sound and other information processing of data collection, classification, sorting, storage, transmission, calculation, tabulation and other operations. At present computer information processing applications are very common, such as personnel management, inventory management, financial management, book information management, business data exchange, information retrieval, such as economic management.
Information processing has become the main task of contemporary computer. Is a cornerstone of modern management. According to statistic, the whole world computer for data processing computer application workload accounted for more than 80%, greatly improving the work efficiency, improve the level of management.
3 automatic control
Automatic control is through the computer in a process for automatic operation, it does not need manual intervention, according to predetermined goals and a predetermined state of process control. Process control refers to the operation of real-time data acquisition, detection, treatment and judge, according to the best value to adjust the process. It is widely used in the operation of complex iron and steel enterprises, petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry and other production. The use of computer automatic control can improve the control accuracy, improve work efficiency, product quality, reduce cost, shorten production cycle.
Computer automatic control in the defense and aerospace fields play a decisive role, for example, unmanned aircraft, missiles, satellites and spacecraft, aircraft control,Digital Marketing is relying on the computer realization. Can be said that the computer is a modern national defense and aerospace fields of central nervous system.

2011年12月22日星期四

calculation

The application of computer

The application of computer has penetrated into every field of society, is changing people's work, study and life, promote social development. Baconian rise can be divided into the following several aspects:

1 Scientific Computing ( numerical )

Scientific computing, also known as numerical calculation. wireless keyboard The computer is the beginning for scientific research and engineering design experienced a high number of mathematical problems in the numerical calculation and the development of computational tools. With the further development of modern science and technology, the numerical calculation in the modern scientific research to improve the status, in the frontiers of science, appear particularly important. For example, the satellite trajectory calculation, seismic intensity calculation, rocket, the spacecraft 's research and design are inseparable from the computer calculation.

In industry, agriculture and human society in various fields, the computer application has achieved many breakthroughs, even every day we tune in to watch the weather forecast are inseparable from the computer science and computing.

The 2 data processing ( information processing )

In scientific research and project technology, will get a large number of original data, including a large number of pictures, text, sound and other information processing of data collection, classification, sorting, storage, transmission, calculation, tabulation and other operations. At present computer information processing applications are very common, such as personnel management, inventory management, financial management, book information management, business data exchange, information retrieval, such as economic management.

Information processing has become the main task of contemporary computer. Is a cornerstone of modern management. According to statistic, the whole world computer for data processing computer application workload accounted for more than 80%, greatly improving the work efficiency, improve the level of management.

3 automatic control

Automatic control is through the computer in a process for automatic operation, it does not need manual intervention, according to predetermined goals and a predetermined state of process control. Process control refers to the operation of real-time data acquisition, detection, treatment and judge, according to the best value to adjust the process. It is widely used in the operation of complex iron and steel enterprises, petrochemical industry, pharmaceutical industry and other production. The use of computer automatic control can improve the control accuracy, improve work efficiency, product quality, reduce cost, shorten production cycle.

Computer automatic control in the defense and aerospace fields play a decisive role, for example, unmanned aircraft, missiles, satellites and spacecraft, aircraft control, is relying on the computer realization. Can be said that the computer is a modern national defense and aerospace fields of central nervous system.

2011年12月21日星期三

Network examples

Yellow Pages Network examples
The 1 European Yellow Pages
The European yellow pages is headquartered in Paris, Italy, Spain and Germany three telecom for shareholders. Products with printed yellow pages ( 1982, 6 language versions ),Web Content Management System
including CD ( 1993, 14 languages ) and website ( 1995, 25 language version ) a total of three kinds of combination. Annually to Europe and countries have a certain strength of the procurement and procurement in enterprise for free.
For Chinese enterprises, suppliers in Europe in the very great degree will become China product procurement, because many European supplier itself does not produce products, but from China or other countries import. Therefore in the European Yellow Pages advertising, can not only make the European buyers know your product, and exposure to these European suppliers of excellent channels.
Because of this, the European yellow pages although mainly based on local European buyers, but for global issue ads. The EU has become China's first trading partner, to open up the European market on China's export enterprises has important significance. To expand the European market of foreign trade enterprises, in the European Yellow Pages advertising has obvious advantages.
In 2 the United States of America Yellow Pages
The United States is following the exit of the our country after the second big market ( third of Japan's market ), relatively high profit. Open the United States market exporters dream of things. In the United States, although more and more people through search engines to find business information, but the yellow pages is still most people used to find local services or products, channels, and according to the market research firm comScore findings, using the yellow pages search enterprise users than the use of search engine users more easily into a customer.
The United States of America Yellow Pages information to register for a number of local service providers, but also including manufacturers, foreign trade enterprise. This,Website Development if the foreign trade enterprises in the United States of America local offices in the United States, consider the famous Yellow Pages advertising, Superpages site is the United States of America 's largest telecom operator Verizon Communications's super Yellow Pages site, occupied the largest market share in America Internet Yellow pages.
Superpages advertising yellow pages search results page on the right side of the Sponsors form. Similar to Sponsors advertising search engine advertising according to CPC pricing, ad is clicked after the payment, which belongs to the press " effect of pay" type. At the same time, Superpages also in combination with other advantage of network media to display and sell advertising.

2011年12月20日星期二

white hair

The views of Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine think teenagers premature white hair, often think of because of sadness, heat content, development raises a. Treat heat of appropriate cool, nourishing the liver and the kidney, Fang Xuan longevity to sesame balls, UFA pill cd. Medicinal raw Radix Angelica dahurica in various 150g, 100g, 80g, 200g of glossy privet fruit mulberry, 200g 200g, Herba ecliptae. Grind in all delicate last stage, honey pills, each pill 10g, 3 times daily, 1 pills each time.
2 medicine thinks, this disease is mainly due to liver and kidney deficiency, blood loss induced by. Congenital little bald more with genetic factors,johnson baby shampoo is not easy to treatment; then the little bald nature, in addition to the cause of treatment, but also should strengthen the nutrition. Experimental results show that, the lack of proteins and a high degree of malnutrition is white-haired etiology. Dietary deficiency of trace elements copper, cobalt, iron, can also lead to hair.
3 in addition to many diseases may be associated with presenile poliosis occurred, such as pernicious anemia, hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disease ( myocardial infarction, atrioventricular bundle block, hypertension), dystrophic myotonia, vitiligo and Vogt - Koyanagi 's syndrome. In addition, the human mental status changes, such as long-term unhappy, is excessive or excessive emotional tension, fear will often causes hair to bleach quickly. The diseases and nutrition and mental factors will make strength, deadly gas, gas three loses balance, so that the hair damage, this is our words often say " hurt vitality". The occurrence of the hair without special treatment, only to find the cause and eradicate, can effect a radical cure.
Ze Wu Tang: clearing away heat and cooling blood, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing hair,JOHNSON Shampoo white hair is preferred for treatment of traditional Chinese medicine! Bamboo forest temple medicine that "hair is more than blood", the hair growth from blood in the barn. Wang Qi and blood, hair growth is normal. Qi and blood are not decline, Rong head of white hair.
Method of ginseng tonic vitality, Fumai originallies, strengthening spleen and lung, and soothe the nerves, puzzle, nourishing Tibetan Fu, Rong Qi and blood, hair wing hair; Angelica Huoxue Tiaojing, relieving pain, promoting blood circulation of Qi, Zhuyu new; Polygonum multiflorum and nourishing liver and kidney, beneficial essencehematic, cut malaria, detoxification, and blood gas black mustache, temples, Yuet color. Long wear long bones, benefit the essence, prolong the life of old main, deficiency of the kidney essence of Morinda officinalis how hair loss; Tonifying Kidney Yang, Qufeng desiccant.
The essence of kidney and bone, salty division,L-Carnitine hair person big help; Cistanche Yijing blood, kidney yang, laxative, raising the five, negative, Yi love gas; gastrodin endogenous wind Zhijing, repress the liver, expelling wind, Qi Nourishing Yin, blood circulation, strong gluten; Tu son of Yang and nourishing Yin, Tim lean pulp, Mingmu antidiarrheal, raising muscle, solid, strong female, Kennedy bones; black sesame blood tonic, Runzao slippery bowel, beneficial blood, hair beauty muscle.

2011年12月19日星期一

pixel lines

1 increase in contrast
Unfortunately, adding extra contrast is one of the most neglected and abandoned technique.
Joost de Valk uses a thin high contrast edges, make it easy for the user to distinguish between different section of the page. In the figure above the larger part,Web Content Management System as you can see, most of the time this contrast is just a 1 pixel highlight line next to the 1 pixel lines.
However, this page" More" and" Go" buttons contrast is too small, even when you're looking for is also very easy to be ignored.
WordPress is the most popular links in the page" Download ( download )" use of colorimetry. The red in the cold gray page himself jumping out. But the red in lightness to convergence, avoids the effect of the whole page effect.
If you for the use of contrast shilly-shally, took this decision process as makeup. You have to do is not to let people yell" look,Website Development contrast!", you need is to come very naturally draw their attention to important items on the page, highlight the key already exists.
The 2 fade
Technology for the development of all want to use the gradient person offers a variety of creating gradient tool. But is that a good thing?
Media Temple site every page using a gradient, the gradient using the control and the exquisite design is the key to success. Logo, headlines,L-Carnitine buttons and backgrounds all have subtle or image gradient, with emphasis on the content. The most complex gradients used in the simple 120 pixels wide button (a page in the" ACTIVATE" and" LEARN MORE" ), because they require visitors to focus attention.
Commission Junction Media Temple gradient using far less detailed, but also uses overly abundant gradient type:
From black to gray level gradient linearity, located at the top of the page header office green radial gradient landing frame background of the " CJ" logo on top of the oblique gradient fuzzy input box background light vertical linear gradient navigation bar background vertical gradient Webinar ads bright linear gradient another vertical linear weakened, used in the headline is the design is a bit adventurous, most progressive useful, but some problems still exist. Most notably, no consistency. The same choice differentiability strong color combination as the reason, designers are needed for each project selection of suitable gradient composite.
Using the gradient, ensure good visual flow is very important: please keep the delicate use of gradient. The most important point, only when the whole design help to use the gradient.

2011年12月18日星期日

physical weakness

Hair loss.
Hair has its own life, grow to a certain length, life end, it is to die a natural death, will naturally fall off, this is a normal phenomenon. This is the case for hair, anyone, but is often. Abnormal hair, because hair growth is affected. Hair growth need nutrition, and nutrition on blood delivery,johnson baby shampoo
if a person is long-term health, physical weakness, blood deficiency, poor nutrition, hair will be because of the lack of nutrition, growth is not good but short-lived shedding. It is easy to fall the hair, it is also more. There is life after a serious illness, the hair out sparse, it is perhaps for this reason.
Excessive use of the brain or people, often be preoccupied by some troubles, boredom, or experiencing something, the spirit is too tight, so that the brain has been a lot of stimulation, sometimes also can affect the hair nutrient supply and growth. Because all activities of the human body is the brain tube, suffered brain stimulation, activity disorderly feet, not normal to play a role, is bound to make the body nutrition stimulated, falling hair conditions. Some people experience what too excited, the brain by intense stimulation,JOHNSON Shampoo
spirit is not normal, sometimes overnight head hair to take off a large, people say "GuiTiTou", is actually so take off.
There were originally a hair growth growth and aging of the cycle, the natural physiological fact of hair loss every day. But there are also some hair loss is caused by pathological factors. To young people, is the more common alopecia areata, also known as " GuiTiTou", this is a because of stress, emotional, resulting in a block of scalp hair suddenly entered a growth stage, suddenly dropped light. This kind of case hair after treatment, three to five months to resume growth.
Reasons for hair fall with nutrition, and mental tension or sudden stimulation also has the very big relations, can be found in blood trace elements,L-Carnitine usually do not often in a nervous state. In the fall the hair place often use ginger rub, can promote hair growth, nutrition is comprehensive, appropriate to eat hard food, appropriate to eat black sesame.

2011年12月15日星期四

food science

Baby food may also contain limited Staphylococcus aureus

Yangcheng Evening News reporter investigates the discovery, even the most stringent safety requirements of infant formula, the standard is not strict.

In April 1, 2011 the implementation of new national standard" infant formula for the national food safety standards", only to powdered infant formula of Staphylococcus aureus to make the request, but is still limited in a certain range. Similarly, in suitable for Staphylococcus aureus growth in dairy products," whey powder and whey protein powder of national food safety standards" and" milk powder" in the national food safety standards regulations can limit detection of Staphylococcus aureus. In a similar" cheese the national food safety standards" and" processed cheese" in the national food safety standards, requirements are similar to.

" Dispute between new and old" is a big deal

" Staphylococcus aureus events in China." raise a Babel of criticism of America, but FDA food bureau former deputy director David Acheson ( David Acheson ) is very surprised, he told the Yangcheng Evening News, the crowd 's half, skin and nose are Staphylococcus aureus, in raw meat, eggs, milk products in all natural presence of Staphylococcus aureus.

" We should pay attention to the toxin, but not Staphylococcus aureus." Acheson thinks, the quick-frozen food GB dispute between new and old is a big deal, the United States FDA related standards are strict requirements are not allowed in the presence of toxins. He thinks, food in Staphylococcus aureus usually does not cause disease, due to Staphylococcus aureus growth temperature is 6 - 48 DEG C, produce toxins that temperature is 10 - 45 DEG C, therefore, in the production process of its control in low level, when cooking food as long as the temperature reached 73.9 degrees, can be instant seckill Staphylococcus aureus.

The Chinese Institute of food science and technology director Meng Suhe's view, the big deal of dispute between new and old, led to the frozen food industry crisis, but its backside is industry of our country food trust crisis, how to get the trust of consumers, government and enterprises at present must face the problem.

2011年12月14日星期三

political science



And clean energy difference


Clean energy is not emission energy, including nuclear power station and" renewable energy", renewable energy is the raw material can be regenerated energy, such as hydropower, wind power, solar energy, biomass energy ( biogas ), tidal energy, renewable energy, energy depletion may not exist, so more and more attention in many countries, especially the energy shortage in the country.


Including conventional the clean use of energy, such as coal gasification and liquefaction; renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, ocean energy, geothermal energy, biological energy utilization; as well as new energy sources ( such as hydrogen fuel ) the development. Hydrogen fuel calorific value equal to 4 times the weight of carbon, fuel product is water, no pollution to the environment, is an ideal clean energy in the future.


Nuclear energy is clean energy, but the consumption of fuel, not renewable energy, investment is high, and almost all of the country, including the most advanced countries in technology and management, can guarantee the absolute safety of nuclear power station, the former Soviet Union and the United States the Chernobyl accident at Three Mile Island accident impact is very big, Japan also appeared the nuclear leakage nuclear power plant accidents, especially the war or terrorism the main objective of the attack, the attack may have serious consequences, so many developed countries are to build nuclear power plants in Germany, to gradually close all current nuclear power plants, but instead to renewable energy, renewable energy cost than other energy to high.


Renewable energy is the most ideal energy, can not be the effect of energy shortage, but also by natural conditions, such as the need for hydro, wind, solar energy resource, but the most important is the investment and maintenance cost is high, efficiency is low, so the generated electricity of high cost, many scientists now in actively looking to increase the use of renewable energy efficiency methods, with the shortage of resources, renewable energy will play a more and more important role.


The climate change debate


In the past thirty years, the United States of America previous governments on the issue of climate change attitude wavering, the relevant policy changes. During the Carter administration, the United States National Academy of Sciences on climate change human reason and inevitable consequences of making scientific assessment and recommendations for action.


However, in the early nineteen eighties, economic stagnation and conservative circumfluence background, Reagan government environmental regulation as the economic burden, adopted a series of " anti-environment" measures, set off a wave of" environmental protection counter". George H.W. Bush in the White House, in dealing with environmental problems on the continuation of the former government 's guiding ideology, in the mitigation of global warming trend slow, dubbed" the third term of the Reagan administration".


Although the Clinton administration from the beginning to face up to the problem of climate change, and will include the issue of climate change, the environment at the strategic height, to vigorously promote the international climate negotiations, and in 1998 signed the" Kyoto Protocol". However, due to the obstruction of the Republican Congress, the Clinton administration in its two term on the issue of climate change has failed to take meaningful action.


George W. Bush administration at the beginning, in the" political science" by climate warming trend, lack of scientific basis and announced its withdrawal from the" Kyoto Protocol". Although forced the international community more and more accusations and pressure, George W. Bush has issued a" National Energy Policy Act" ( 2005)," energy independence and Security Act" ( 2007), set out to encourage the development of renewable energy and new energy, improve energy efficiency and other content, but during his term of office has no limits on greenhouse gas emissions level.

2011年12月13日星期二

anti-interference

Strong anti-interference capability, no noise accumulation
In the simulation of communication, in order to improve the SNR, required in the signal transmission process in a timely manner to the attenuation of the transmitted signal is amplified, signal transmission in the process will inevitably superimposed noise also are simultaneously amplified.DVB T RECEIVER With the increase of the propagation distance, cumulative noise increasing, in order to cause serious deterioration of transmission quality.
In digital communication, the digital signal amplitude for the finite discrete values (usually from the two amplitude ), in the transmission process while also disturbed by the noise, but when signal-to-noise deterioration to a certain extent, i.e., at appropriate distances using decision method of regeneration, and generates no noise and primary terminal as digital signals, so it can achieve the long distance and high quality of transmission.
For encryption processing
Information transmission security and confidentiality is becoming more and more important, digital communication encryption processing than analog communication much easier, in a voice signal as an example, through the digital signal after conversion can be a simple digital logic encryption, decryption processing.
For storage, processing and exchange
Digital communication signal and computer signal line, is a binary code, which is convenient for the network with computer, is convenient to use the computer to digital signals for storage, processing and exchange, the communication network management, maintenance of automation, intelligent.
The device facilitates integration, miniature
Digital communications using time-division multiplexing, without the need for a larger volume of filter. Equipment most of the circuit is a digital circuit, can be large-scale and ultra large scale integrated circuit, therefore has the advantages of small volume, low power consumption.
Easy to constitute an integrated digital network and integrated services digital network
Using digital transmission mode, can be programmed through the digital switching equipment for digital exchange, in order to realize the transmission and exchange of integrated. In addition, telephone service and various non voice service can be digitized, integrated services digital network.
Clear channel frequency band is wide
An analog telephone band for 4kHz bandwidth, a digital telephone about 64kHz, this is the analog communication still has vitality of the main reason. As the broadband channel ( optical cable, digital microwave ) a large number of use ( a pair of cables can be opened thousands of telephone channels ) as well as the development of digital signal processing technology ( can be a digital telephone digital rate from 64KB / s to 32KB / s compressed even lower code rate ), digital telephone bandwidth problem is not the main problem the.
The above knowable, digital communication has many advantages,DVB-T MPEG 4 so countries are active in the development of digital communication. In recent years, our country digital communication has obtained the rapid development, is moving in high-speed, broadband, intelligent and integrated direction.

2011年12月12日星期一

electrons

Membrane bilayer heterojunction organic solar cell structure as shown in figure 2. As to the body of the organic semiconductor material absorbs a photon is produced after the hole - electron pair, electrons injected into a receptor organic semiconductor material, electron and hole separation. In this system, the electron donor for P type, N type electron acceptors for holes and electrons, which are separately transmitted to the two electrode,Gaosuibuyou Thailandsolar panels
forming a light current.
And the" Schottky type" compared to battery, the structure is characterized in that the introduction of the charge separation mechanism. Compared with silicon semiconductor, organic molecular interactions between different molecules are much weaker, between LUMO and HOMO and not through a combination of whole body in phase to form a continuous conduction band and valence band.
Carrier in organic semiconductor transmission, through charge in between the different molecular mechanism to realize the" jump", macroscopical performance is its carrier mobility is much lower than the inorganic semiconductor.
At the same time,solar modules
organic small molecule absorbs a photon is aroused, not like silicon semiconductor did in the conduction band and valence band free electrons produced in the left hole.
Optical excitation of small organic molecules, generated by electrostatic interaction is combined together with the hole - electron pair, is commonly referred to as " exciton ( Exciton )". Exciton has limited time, usually at the millisecond level, without complete separation of the electron and hole will compound ( Recombination ), released from their absorption of energy.
Obviously, not separating out free electrons and holes on the exciton, the photocurrent is no contribution. Therefore organic exciton separation efficiency on the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery has critical implications.
The Schottky type battery,toner exciton separation efficiency is a problem. Light stimulates the formation of excitons, only in the Schottky junction diffusion layer, rely on section electric field can be separated. Other locations on the formation of excitons, must move to the diffusion layer can be formed on the contribution of light current.
But organic dye in the exciton migration distance is limited, typically less than 10 nm. So most of excitons in the separation into the electron and hole before the compound drop. In organic battery is introduced in the heterojunction results, is obviously the exciton separation efficiency.
Electrons from the excited molecule LUMO energy into electronic receptor LUMO level, this process is essentially exciton separation. The two layer of the organic film at the interface between is not smooth.
In the process of preparation ( thermal evaporation deposition, or solution spin-coating method) the two film layer will form an interpenetrating structure, thereby interface has a larger area. In to the body material phase generated excitons, through diffusion can easily reach the interface of the two materials, the electron injection receptor material LUMO level in order to achieve the separation of charge.
At the same time, many studies showed, receptor material can also absorb corresponding frequency photon exciton, then its HOMO level hole reverse into the donor material HOMO energy level. Therefore, excitons can simultaneously in bilayer membrane formed on both sides of the interface, then through the diffusion in the interface separation. In short, relative to the Schottky type battery, the donor-acceptor double membrane structure can obviously improve the exciton separation efficiency.

2011年12月11日星期日

Gaosuibuyou Thailand

Damage factor

The destruction of the ecological balance of the factors of natural factors and human factors.Gaosuibuyou Thailand poly bags
Natural factors such as floods, droughts, earthquakes, typhoons, landslides, tsunamis and other. Caused by natural factors of the ecological balance is destroyed as the first environmental problem. By the artificial factors that caused damage to the ecological balance is called the second environmental problems. Human factors are the main reason resulting in the ecological balance. Human factors are mainly the following three aspects:
Environmental factors have changed

Such as the production of human life and activity generates large amounts of waste gas, waste water, waste, and constantly released into the environment; human resource unreasonable use or predatory use, such as blind wasteland, deforestation, water too confining,plastic bags supplier
grassland overload, will cause the deterioration of environmental quality, produces immediate or long-term effect, make ecological imbalance.
The species change

In the ecosystem, blind a species increases, make it possible for the balance of the ecosystem is destroyed. For example, the United States in 1929 was" blue canal, the inland river and marine communication, resulted in the lamprey into inland river, the trout an annual output of 20000000 kg. To 5000 kg, serious damage to the Inland Fisheries resources.
In an ecological system to reduce a species may also make the ecological balance is destroyed. Nineteen fifties Chinese has a large number of killed sparrow, resulting in some areas pest severity. Investigate its reason, lies in the pest natural enemy pest killing sparrows,solar module cell loss of natural suppressor factor.

The destruction of biological information system
The biological rely on each other between the contact information can maintain its cluster and normal reproduction. The person to the environment to cast a substance, interfere with or disrupt the biological information, make it possible for ecological balance disorders or destroyed.
For example, many insects by the release of sex hormone inducement of adult male mating, if it is discharged to the atmosphere pollution and chemical reactions occur, then the female sex hormone will lose the lure of male physiological activity, the result is bound to affect the insect mating and reproduction, finally leading to population decline and even disappear.

2011年12月8日星期四

ethyl chloride

Low pressure steam specific volume is very large, so that the gas turbine unit capacity limitation. But in the running process of the relatively safe. Another is the use of low boiling point substances, such as ethyl chloride, butane, isobutane and freon as generating intermediate refrigerant,solar panel
underground hot water through the heat exchanger, the low boiling point substances vaporize rapidly, using the generated gas into the generator to apply work, after the working fluid from the turbine is discharged into the condenser, and in one of the cooling systems, and to condense into liquid refrigerant recycling use.
This method is called" the middle working method", this system is called " dual system" or" duplex biomass power generation system".solar module
The power generation mode has poor safety, if the power system in the closed slightly leaking, refrigerant escape easily after accident.
Nineteen ninties metaphase, Israel omata ( Ormat ) company to the geothermal steam and geothermal power generation two system become, to design a new named combined cycle geothermal power generation system, the unit has been in the world some countries of installation and operation, the effect is very good.
Combined cycle geothermal power generation system is the greatest advantage, can be applied to more than 150 DEG C high temperature geothermal fluid ( including hot brine ) power, after a power fluid, in does not lower than 120 DEG C under the condition,solar cell then enters the duplex matter power system, two work, it is to make full use of the geothermal fluid heat energy, which can improve power generation efficiency, and can be used after a generation after the emission of tail water reuse, resource is saved greatly.

2011年12月7日星期三

wind turbines,

Wind power generator for air flow instability, so its output is 13 ~ 25V changing alternating current, subject to the charger rectifier, the battery charging, the wind power generator produces electrical energy into chemical energy. Then there is the protection of the inverter power supply circuit, the battery's chemical energy into AC 220V power, can guarantee the stability of the use of.
Normally people thinks, wind power generation power solely by the power of wind turbine, always want to buy a larger wind turbines, but this is not true.solar panel
The current wind power generator is only for battery charging, and consists of a battery electric energy stored up, people use electric power and the size of the battery size are more closely related to. The size of power mainly depends on the quantity, and is not only a head the size of power.
In China, small wind generators will be more suitable. Because it is easier to wind driven power generation amount, constant wind, a wind more than the larger supply energy. When calm when the people also can be normal use wind brings power, that is to say a 200W wind turbine can also be through the large battery and inverter with use, access to 500W 1000W and even more power output.
The use of wind power generator, is everfount to wind energy into our family to use the standard electric, its managing level is clear,solar module
a family annual power only 20 yuan battery fluid. The wind power generator now than a few years ago a great performance improvement.
Previously only in a few remote region, wind generator with a 15W light bulb electricity, one bright one dark and often damage the bulb. And now because of advances in technology, the use of advanced charger, inverter, wind power generation has become the certain scientific and technological content of the system, and can under certain conditions instead of normal electric.
A mountainous area can take the system to do a perennial do not spend money on the street; highway available it night traffic lights; the children in the mountainous area can be under fluorescent light night city; small high-rise roof is also available wind motor, which not only saves and is the real green power. Domestic wind power generator, it can not only reduce the power cut,solar cell but also increase the pleasures of life. In tourist areas, frontier, schools, troops and remote mountainous areas, wind power generator is becoming a hot spot purchasing.

2011年12月6日星期二

conversion process

Principle
The sun light in the semiconductor p-n junction, the formation of a new hole electron pair, in the p-n node under the action of the electric field, the hole from n to p area, P area to area n by, connected to the circuit after the current form. This is known as the photoelectric effect the working principle of solar cells.
In a way, solar power solar power in two ways, one is light - heat - electricity conversion mode, another kind is the light - electricity direct conversion.
( 1) light - heat - electricity conversion mode through the use of solar radiation generated by thermal power generation,solar panel
is generally composed of a solar heat collector will be absorbed by the heat energy into refrigerant vapor, and then drives a turbine.
A process before it is light - heat conversion process; after a process of heat - electricity conversion process, as with an ordinary power. Solar power is very low efficiency and high cost, estimated that at least its investment than ordinary fire power your 5 to 10 times. A 1000MW solar thermal power plant needs to invest 20 to $2500000000, the average 1kW investment is 2000 ~ 2500 dollars. Therefore, at present only a small scale should be used for special occasions, and large-scale use of economically very uneconomical, also cannot with ordinary fire station or nuclear power station phase competition.
( 2) optical - electric direct conversion approach is the use of the photoelectric effect, solar radiation will be directly converted into electric energy, light - the basic power conversion is the solar cell device. Solar cell is a kind of volts due to the effects of photovoltaic solar energy directly into electrical energy device, a semiconductor diode, when the sun's light to the photodiode,solar module
photodiode will be the sun's light energy into electrical energy, generated current. When many cells are connected in series or parallel can be up to become a relatively large output power of solar cell array.
Solar cells is a promising new type of power supply, with a permanent, clean and flexibility of the three major advantages. Solar long battery life, as long as the sun, solar energy can be an investment and long-term use; and thermal power, nuclear power, solar battery will not cause environmental pollution; the solar battery can be large and medium-sized and small simultaneously,solar cell the million kilowatts of medium-sized power station, only for a small household solar battery, which is incomparable to other power supply
Battery raw materials: glass, EVA, batteries films, aluminum alloy shell, copper, stainless steel stent, Bao Xi battery

2011年12月5日星期一

pick marks

Bronze mainly copper oxidation, make its produce rust, patina is through the underground temperature and humidity, and various gas long-term erosion form. Thus, rust particle size and density is extremely delicate bond force is very strong. We know that the bronze after forming performance, should be golden, but in the underground, by the long-term environmental erosion, or conventional air oxidation, will make the bronzes from the golden color is dark yellow, dark yellow, brownish yellow to become black, green. Several color variations, long-term gradual evolution, make the surface layer of oxide skin, this phenomenon is known as the bronze coat.

Appearance
Mainly used for the identification of porcelain. The Qing Dynasty in the shape or species have increased significantly, and the ingenious. With Kangxi of period innovation make become an independent school. Zhuo device such as lute respect, respect, respect, horse legs like a statue, a Buddism godness Guanyin statue of Pteris, apple, apricot, the statue statues Ye Zun, rod hammer bottle, cloth orange, set out, willow and convex colored goblet are former generation rare shape. Yong Zheng period in the shape of creation is also rich and colorful, such as backgammon respect, respect, respect, Qiu sheep ear deer head statue statue, spindle, Oxhead, garlic export ribbon Ruyi respect, charge-offs mouth bottle of olive, the altar, Daisy wheel.

 Especially the font generation kilns and permanent, into the porcelain glaze fetus, were not only remarkably like the true, but in the shape of a very authentic. Emperor Qianlong period of prominent modelling has turn neck bottle, bottle, bottle turn the heart to turn, flower basket, fan and Book seal box, book impenetrable defence etc.. This time regardless of innovation, antique have reached a climax, the imitation copper, stone, jade, lacquer, bamboo, wood and articles are very similar life like.

 To that, after Daoguang, mostly following old, very few innovative work. Modeling from the exquisite decay is heavy, have been gradually losing the excellent tradition. For example yu-hu-ch'un vase shape in the Kangxi, Yong Zheng, Qianlong three towards the difference is not significant, after gradually becomes unwieldy, Tongzhi, Guangxu emperor Xuantong period, to have become short neck Fung belly stout form, shape far less so exquisitely beautiful.

Know the yuan, Ming, Qing porcelain basic modeling features, and then also need to master observation modeling method. General attention must be given to the mouth, abdominal, bottom part three. A lot of similar containers at first glance looks very similar, careful observation of these three parts, we can draw a different conclusion. For example, in the middle of Ming Dynasty bottle, pot, pot class cut device modeling, many in the abdomen there are obvious pick marks, and the later Qing products because of rotary cutting is meticulous, the seam is not more apparent. So called line between, often in the dating of discrimination in the work plays a very important role.

As the market is smaller and the disk body curvature shallow, permanent, Ming Xuan market disc body radian slightly larger and slightly deep, the former small bottom, the bottom. Especially the Yongle modeling, both large and small, the bowl is for heart concave, convex bottom heart, and foot wall outward slightly left, a wall of about 1/2 to 1/4 short.

Others such as the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, many folk disc bowl bottom often have obvious wheel turning marks (the so-called" jump" ), while in the porcelain kilns are extremely rare. As for Kangxi the market some double ring bottom, folk pottery artifacts have flat below" linen lines", was also more common feature modeling. Cultural workers in the authenticity of each differential between old and new to these as a partial basis.

2011年12月4日星期日

Plastic plastic

Plastic plastic
Blister
A plastic processing technology, the main principle is that the flat plastic sheet heating soft, using vacuum adsorption in the surface of the die, cooling after forming,plastic bags
widely used in plastic packaging, lighting, advertising, decoration and other industries.
Blister packaging
The plastic process to produce plastic products, and the corresponding equipment for product packaging.
Characteristic
Plastic packaging is the main advantage, save raw and auxiliary materials, light weight, convenient transportation, good sealing performance, accord with environmental protection green packaging requirements; can wrap any special-shaped products, packing without need of additional cushioning material; the packaged product transparent, beautiful appearance, convenient sales, and suitable for mechanization, automation of packaging, convenient the modernization of management, save labor, improve efficiency
Equipment
Blister packaging equipment including: blister forming machine, punching machine, sealing machine, high frequency machine, flanging machine.
Product classification
Packaging products can be divided into:costume jewelry card, card, double blister, blister, half fold blister, blister, seventy percent off.
Plastic bag

2011年12月1日星期四

small amounts

Xixia jade is an altered ultrabasic rocks, mainly distributed in Henan Province, Xixia County, Xixia jade found in the nineteen sixties, to 70 time just a small amount of mining, now the annual output has reached tens of thousands of tons, mainly sold to Beijing, Guangdong, Henan, Liaoning and other places.
Xixia jade main minerals serpentine occupies 80%-95%, followed by magnetite, tremolite actinolite, and small amounts of calcite. Delicate texture,poly bag manufacturer
dense and hard, Mohs hardness of 5-6, transparent to translucent, white, oily luster or vitreous luster, density of about 2.7, large blocks, small cracks, jade has yellow, brown, red stone skin. In the net at present and the antique market in Xixia jade often used to impersonate Xinjiang Hotan jade, is very deceptive.
How to distinguish between Xixia and Hetian jade jade? As long as the master of the following points are easily differentiated.
1 Xixia jade is exquisite, not Yu Hua, sometimes visible block, paste batt, Hotan white jade eye can see fine Xiao Yun flake, cloud-like structure of Yu Hua.
2 white Xixia jade is a little gray hair and pale, with other color is bright, as shown in Figure 8C and figure 8D 8e in red, yellow, 8D,fashion jewelry
8e yellow often used to impersonate material, color is very delicate, very uniform, the 8 for true and field jade white.
3 Xixia jade light observation, appears to be very boring, less light. Hetian jade light observation feeling relatively bright, but not very clear, this is the result of Hetian jade in the internal structure is special, the light in the jade occurs within a diffusion.
4 the Xixia jade hardness than Hetian jade slightly low, Mohs hardness of 5-6, Hotan jade Mohs hardness of about 6.5, glass Mohs hardness of 5, Xixia jade although we glass, but its surface sometimes will leave scars, and Hetian jade never.
5 Xixia jade surface although very delicate, but using 10-20 times the magnifying glass observation, will find that with Small Sag in the pits, hong kong restaurants
and Hetian jade has both concave and convex, sometimes also can see hand polished legacy along one direction lines, learn to use 20 times the magnifying glass observation of the surface of the jade, summarize some rules, we will let you see that other people can't see things, thus less tuition, less detours.
In addition, the Henan province Xixia county also produces black green jade, jade is very similar with Xinjiang, Xixia jade is a kind of good jade, large blocks,wedding dresses small cracks, polishing or, mainly used for large-scale decoration carving, as long as no fake Hetian jade, get illegal profiteering on the line.